Contrasting impacts on the Peruvian coast of warm ENSO and El Niño Costero 2017
winds, upwelling, productivity, and anchoveta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53554/boletin.v36i2.341Keywords:
El Niño costero, Afloramiento costero, Anchoveta, Engraulis ringensAbstract
Off Peru, in summer and during warm El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, there is usually high Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and flooding rains. In summer 2017, SST and heavy rains comparable to extreme warm ENSO events were
reached. Nevertheless, the origin of the warming, known as El Niño Costero 2017, was not related to ENSO. Our main goal is to compare the impacts of warm ENSO events (EN) and El Niño Costero 2017 (ENC 2017) off Peru, using a coupled physical-biogeochemical model (ROMS-PISCES) and satellite data. There is coastal wind intensification during EN events (summer-spring). In summer, upwelling intensifies slightly and there is an increase in SST along the coast, as well as a decrease in productivity and anchoveta. When ENC 2017 occurred, the coastal winds weakened and there was reduced upwelling in the summer. There was a greater increase in SST north of 10°S, as well as a decrease in productivity, and positive chlorophyll-a anomalies were recorded to the south. The anchoveta’s population exhibited a southward displacement (towards central Peru), but biomass was not significantly affected. Herein, we discussed the mechanisms responsible for the warming and low productivity during EN events and the ENC 2017, as well as a tentative mechanism to explain the maintenance of the anchoveta biomass during ENC 2017.
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