Benthic responses to the 2017 coastal El Niño off central Peru (Callao, 12°S)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53554/boletin.v36i2.349Keywords:
Bentos marinos, El Niño costero, Plataforma continental, Sedimentos MarinosAbstract
We collected two replicated biological samples of sediment (van Veen grab and multicorer) in three stations (33, 94 and 178 m), and measure geochemical and oceanographic parameters of the bottom at the central Peruvian coast (Callao, 12° S), in order to analyze and compare the responses of benthos (in a wide benthic size spectrum: macrofauna, metazoan meiofauna, foraminifera and giant heterotrophic bacteria), during the atypical evolution of the 2017 coastal El Niño (2017 CEN). Despite the strong surface warming observed and the anomalous discharge of the rivers, the impact on the dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution (water column and near to the bottom), was non-significant; in fact, the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) remained robust (above 20 m, at 15 nm). Similarly, sediment geochemistry did not exhibit unusual seasonal changes in its organic richness, nor in the concentration of sulfur (H2 S) (gradually more intense with depth). From previous months, the macrofauna tended to a progressive decrease in the abundance of the spionid Paraprionospio pinnata and a slight increase of Magelona phyllisae. Unlike these annelids, bivalve molluscs of the genus Pitar and bacteria of the complex genus Candidatus Marithioploca were relatively frequent (especially in the shallower stations). Similarly, free-living nematodes being sieved with the macrofauna and particularly with the meiofauna (e.g. Desmodora sp., Halalaimus sp., Dichromadora sp., Sabatieria sp.) were found recurrently before, during and after the anomalous event. Calcareous species of benthic foraminifera showed no major changes, contrary sensu, species such as Bolivina seminuda and Buliminella tenuata extended its microhabitat
towards the coast. In contrast to other events, the combination of a persistent OMZ during the study and a remarkably superficial impact of the 2017 cEN, preserved typical oceanographic conditions in terms of DO (e.g. < 0,1/0.5 ml.l-1), favouring the maintaining of habitual conditions in this sector of the Peruvian coast. As far as we know, our work illustrates a relatively new benthic response regarding the influence of El Niño events in central Peru.
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