Variaciones genotípicas del Virus del Síndrome de las Manchas Blancas (VSMB) aislados en langostinos de cultivo de Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53554/boletin.v39i1.407Palabras clave:
Virus del síndrome de las manchas blancas, ORFs, Genotipos, Litopenaeus vannameiResumen
El virus del síndrome de las manchas blancas (VSMB), es uno de los principales patógenos de langostinos peneidos reportado a nivel mundial. Desde su primera aparición hasta la actualidad, el VSMB ha mostrado una notable capacidad para alterar su estructura genética, lo que ha dado lugar a diversidad de genotipos. Con el objetivo de detectar las variantes genotípicas del VSMB presentes en el cultivo de langostinos de la costa norte del Perú (Región Tumbes), en esta investigación, se evaluaron 89 muestras de branquias y postlarvas de langostinos infectados con el VSMB que fueron colectados entre los años 2014 y 2021. El análisis fue realizado mediante la PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) y secuenciamiento de regiones variables del ADN, ubicados en los marcos de lectura abierta (ORFs= open reading frame) 75, 94, 125, 14/15, 23/24 y un gen transposasa presuntiva. En comparación con los genomas de referencia del VSMB, todas las muestras analizadas presentaron deleciones de 5138 pb en el ORF 14/15, de 11110 pb en el ORF 23/24 y de 1338 pb en un gen transposasa presuntiva. A nivel de los ORFs 75, 94 y 125, se observó variación en la cantidad de secuencias repetitivas de 6 a 8, 1 a 3 y 2 a 13, respectivamente; esta variación permitió detectar hasta 8 genotipos de VSMB presentes en los langostinos de cultivo de la zona norte de Perú. El hallazgo inicial de estos genotipos representa un logro significativo que sentará las bases para futuros estudios epidemiológicos del VSMB en langostinos de cultivo y silvestres en esta región geográfica.
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