Recopilación histórica de las captura de laúd (Dermochelys coriacea) en Perú y su relación con la medusa Scyphozoa Chrysaora plocamia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53554/boletin.v36i1.324Palabras clave:
Dermochelys coriacea, Chrysaora plocamia, Pisco, Tortuga laúdResumen
Se realizó seguimiento de capturas de tortuga laúd (Dermochelys coriacea) por la flota agallera tortuguera del puerto de San Andrés-Pisco (13°45’S, 76°13’W) en la costa centro sur del Perú, durante el fenómeno El Niño (EN) 1987. Se analizó biometría, necropsias, determinación de abundancias de medusas Scyphozoa y encuestas a pescadores artesanales de Pisco. Se registró 34 tortugas laúd capturadas con talla promedio 117,3 ±10,2 cm Largo Curvo de Caparazón (LCC) (rango: 100 - 140 cm, n=22), de las cuales 77,3% fueron juveniles y 22,7% subadultos. Existe fuerte correlación significativa (Rho Spearman = 0,883 al 99%) entre
capturas de laúd y presencia de medusa Scyphozoa Chrysaora plocamia a escalas mensuales. Durante ese año se presentó mayor abundancia de C. plocamia, registrándose hasta 12,4 kg medusa/1000m3 , promedio 4,4 ±4 kg medusa/1000m3, usando una serie de tiempo de más de 4 décadas (1972 - 2014). Como resultado de las encuestas se calculó la captura promedio de 15,9 ±13,4 (rango: 2 - 40, n=17) tortugas laúd por bote por mes, durante los años 1970’s y 1980’s, proyectándose una tasa de extracción de 572,4 laudes para 1987.
Sin embargo, en los años 1990’s y 2000’s las capturas fueron 55 veces menores, con promedio de 0,29 ± 0,5 (rango: 0 - 1,5, n=21). La principal zona de pesca de laúd en los años 1980’s fue una zona continua costera (~40 km) de la playa Caucato (13°38’S, 76°12’W) hasta el norte de la playa Jahuay (13°19’S, 76°14’W) de 6 a 20 m de profundidad. Se propone una segregación ontogénica en la distribución espacial de la tortuga laúd frente a Perú, donde juveniles y subadultos se distribuyen en zonas costero neríticas, <30 mn distancia a la costa, probablemente influenciadas por la disponibilidad alimentaria representada por C. plocamia. Los adultos de tortuga laúd están mayormente distribuidos en zona pelágico oceánica (300 -
1500 mn).
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