Cambios en el área de distribución de la merluza peruana: efecto de la pesquería y El Niño

Claudia Wosnitza-Mendo; Michael Ballón Soto; Carlos Benites Rodríguez; Renato Guevara Carrasco

Authors

Claudia Wosnitza-Mendo Instituto del Mar del Perú
Michael Ballón Soto Instituto del Mar del Perú
Carlos Benites Rodríguez Instituto del Mar del Perú
Renato Guevara Carrasco Instituto del Mar del Perú

Keywords:

Merluccius gayi peruanus, Peruvian hake, fishing pressure, interaction, anchovy

Abstract

The distribution and size of Peruvian hake (Merluccius gayi peruanus) off the Peruvian coast exhibit two patterns: (a) Distribution is determined by changes in the Cromwell Current due to seasonal (winter/summer) and inter-annual El Niño’s effects; (b) Hake sizes are related to latitude, with larger individuals found to the north and smaller ones to the south. From the start of the heavy trawl fishery in 1973,
Peruvian hake suffered reduction in biomass and changes in distribution and population structure. In this study, we use survey data since the 1970s as well as length frequency and biological data from fleets acting at different latitudes and collected by the Peruvian Marine Research Institute (IMARPE) in Paita (5°S), Chimbote (9°S) and Callao (12°S). The survey data distribution of adult hake during different periods, and a separate treatment of the length measurements from the different ports, allowed us to reconstruct size distributions over time for the three landing areas. We show that during the 1970s, large hake with mean length of more than 40 cm (age 4+) were present as far south as Callao. The former presence of large hake in that area shows the direct effect of combined trawl and purse-seine fisheries on hake biomass and on the range of hake distribution. Possible indirect short and long-term effects on hake due to changes in the anchovy biomass and
distribution and/or environmental long term changes are discussed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Ayón P, Purca S, Guevara-Carrasco R. 2004. Zooplankton volume trends off Peru between 1964 and 2001. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 61: 478-484.

Ballón M, Wosnitza-Mendo C, Guevara-Carrasco R, Bertrand A. (2008) The impact of overfishing and El Niño on the condition factor and reproductive success of Peruvian hake, Merluccius gayi peruanus. Progress in Oceanography 79:300-307.

Brainard RE, Mclain DR. 1987. Seasonal and interanual subsurface temperature variability off Perú, 1952 to 1984. In D. Pauly & I. Tsukayama (Eds.), The Peruvian anchoveta and its upwelling ecosystem: three decades of change (pp.14-45). ICLARM Studies and reviews 15.

Chavez Fp, Ryan J, Lluch-Cota Se, Ñiquen M. 2003. From anchovies to sardines and back: multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean. Science 299:217-221.

Csirke J, Guevara-Carrasco R, Cárdenas G, Ñiquen M, Chipollini A. 1996. Situación de los recursos anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) y sardina (Sardinops sagax) a principios de 1994 y perspectivas para la pesca en el Perú, con particular referencia a las regiones norte y centro de la costa peruana. Bol. Inst. Mar Perú. 15(1): 1-23.

Daan N. 1980. A review of replacement of depleted stocks by other species and the mechanisms underlying such replacement. Rapp. P.-v. Reuní. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 177: 405-421.

Del Solar E. 1968. La merluza Merluccius gayi peruanus (Guichenot) como indicador de la riqueza biótica de la plataforma continental del Norte del Perú. Publicación auspiciada por la Sociedad Nacional de Pesquería. 20 pp+Tables+Fig.

Del Solar E, Sánchez J, Piazza A. 1965. Exploración de las áreas de abundancia de merluza (Merluccius gayi peruanus) en la costa peruana a bordo del “Bettina”. Inf. Inst. Mar Perú N° 8: 28pp.

Dutil JD, Lambert Y. 2000. Natural mortality from poor condition in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 57(4): 826-836.

Espino M, Wosnitza-Mendo C. 1988. Efecto de la concentración en la mortalidad natural y su aplicación en el análisis de cohortes. In T. Wyatt & M. G. Larrañeta (Eds.) Int. Symp. Long Term Changes Mar. Fish. Pop., Vigo 1986 (pp.235-252).

Espino M, Wosnitza-Mendo C, Fernández F. 1988. Ajuste del análisis de cohortes con resultados de área barrida en merluza peruana. In H.Salzwedel & A. Landa (Eds.) Recursos y dinámica del ecosistema de afloramiento peruano. Bol. Inst. Mar Perú – Callao, Vol extraordinario. (pp. 239-244).

Espino M, Castillo R, Fernández F. 1995. Biology and fisheries of Peruvian hake (Merluccius gayi peruanus). In Alheit &. Pitcher (Eds.) Hake, biology, fisheries and markets (pp. 339-363). Chapman & Hall, London.

Espinoza P, Bertrand A. 2008. Revisiting Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) trophodynamics provides a new vision of the Humboldt Current System. Progress in Oceanography 79:215-227.

Flores R, Tenorio J, Domínguez N. 2009. Variaciones de la Extensión Sur de la Corriente Cromwell frente al Perú entre los 3 – 14o S. Bol Inst Mar Perú 24:39-51 xx-yy.

IMARPE, 2004. Report of the second session of the internacional panel of experts for assessment of Peruvian hake population. March 2004. Bol. Inst. Mar Perú, 21, 1-2: 79-119.

Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, IFOP. 1981. El recurso merluza común (Merluccius gayi gayi) y su pesquería en Chile. CPPS, Serie de Seminarios y Estudios, 3: 69-181.

Koester FW, Moellmann C. 2000. Trophodynamic control by clupeid predators on recruitment success in Baltic cod? ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57: 310-323.

Lluch-Belda D, Crawford RJM, Kawasaki T, MacCall AD, Parrish RH, Schwartzlose R A, Smith PE. 1989. Worldwide fluctuations of sardine and anchova stocks: the regime problem. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci. 8: 195-205.

Methot RD, Dorn MW. 1995. Biology and fisheries of North Pacific hake (Merluccius productus). In J. Alheit & T.J. Pitcher (Eds). Hake: biology, fisheries and markets (pp 389-413) Chapman and Hall, London, UK.

Muck P. 1989. Anchoveta consumption of Peruvian hake: a distribution and feeding model. In D. Pauly, P. Muck, J. Mendo & I. Tsukayama (Eds.) The Peruvian upwelling ecosystem: dynamics and interactions (pp. 306-320). ICLARM Conference Proceedings 18.

Muck P, Espino M, Fuentes H, Wosnitza-Mendo C, Esquerre M. 1988. Predación de la merluza peruana (Merluccius gayi peruanus) sobre la anchoveta (Engraulis ringens). In H. Salzwedel & A. Landa (Eds.) Recursos y dinámica del ecosistema de afloramiento peruano (pp. 249-253). Bol. Inst. Mar Perú Callao, Vol. Extraordinario.

Montecinos A, Purca S, Pizarro O. 2003. Interannual-to interdecadal sea surface temperature variability along the western coast of South America. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30(11): 1570.

Myers R, Worm, B. 2003. Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature, 423: 280-283.

Sandoval de Castillo O, Wosnitza-Mendo C, Muck P, Carrasco S. 1989. Abundance of hake larvae and its relationship to hake and anchoveta biomasses off Peru. In Pauly, Muck, Mendo, Tsukayama (Eds.) The Peruvian upwelling ecosystem: dynamics and interactions (pp. 280-296). ICLARM Conference Proceedings 18.

Swain DP, Sinclair AF. 2000. Pelagic fishes and the cod recruitment dilemma in the Northwest Atlantic. Can. J. Fish.Aquat. Sci. 57: 1321-1325.

Ursin E. 1982. Stability and variability in the marine ecosystem. Dana. Vol. 2: 51–67.

Vargas N. 2008. Relación entre la distribución de la merluza peruana (Merluccius gayi peruanus) y la Extensión Sur de la Corriente de Cromwell. Tesis para Magister en Recursos Acuáticos. Escuela de Postgrado. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. UNMSM.

Wosnitza-Mendo C, Guevara-Carrasco R, Ballón M. 2004. Possible causes of the drastic decline in mean length of Peruvian hake in 1992. Bol. Inst. Mar Perú 21:1-26.