Caracterización genética de Virus del Síndrome de las Manchas Blancas y de bacterias Vibrio colectados en Peneidos silvestres de Perú
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https://doi.org/10.53554/boletin.v40i2.441Palabras clave:
WSSV, Vibrio, AHPND, ORF, genotipos, patogenicidadResumen
Debido a que los langostinos silvestres son potenciales fuentes de enfermedades infecciosas, la vigilancia sanitaria en estas poblaciones es importante para prevenir el riesgo de brotes en los centros de cultivo. En este trabajo, se analizaron langostinos silvestres de las especies Litopenaeus vannamei y Litopenaeus stylirostris provenientes de ambientes colindantes a los centros de cultivo en el norte del Perú, con el objetivo de caracterizar genéticamente al virus del síndrome de las manchas blancas (WSSV) y a bacterias Vibrio relacionadas con la enfermedad de la necrosis hepatopancreática aguda (AHPND), que son dos de los principales patógenos que causan enfermedades a los langostinos en cultivo. En una cepa del WSSV se analizó los marcos de lectura abierta (ORF) 75, 94, 125, 14/15, y 23/24, logrando detectar que los ORF 75, 94 y 125 están formados respectivamente por 6, 3 y 2 unidades repetitivas de tipo VNTR, mientras que los ORF 14/15 y 23/24 presentaron deleciones de ADN de 5138 pb y 11110 pb, respectivamente. En cuatro cepas de Vibrio relacionadas con la AHPND se secuenciaron 14 genes, lográndose identificar a tres cepas como Vibrio parahaemolyticus y una como Vibrio campbellii, mediante el secuenciamiento de los genes 16S ARN, rpoB, rpoA, recA y pyrH; mientras que, con los genes pirA, pirB, toxR, luxR, tdh, trh, tetB y dos genes para proteasas, se logró caracterizar la variabilidad de sus factores de patogenicidad en las cuatro cepas de Vibrio analizadas. La detección de variantes genéticas en los patógenos evaluados proporciona una base sólida para estudios epidemiológicos y para el desarrollo de estrategias de manejo que mitiguen su impacto en la acuicultura de langostinos.
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